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Patented M111.16,1915.

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FLYING MACHINE APPLICATION I'ILBD MAY 7, 1909v mwv i THE NORRIS PETERSC0. PHOTO-LITHO.. WASHINGTON, D. C.

Li MLHUNHU l lbb CHARLES HERBERT OGUMPAUGH, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK.

FLYING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 16, 1915.

Application filed May 7, 1909. Serial N 0. 494,682.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, CHARLES HERBERT OCUMPAUGH, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Rochester, in the county of Monroe and State of NewYork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inFlying-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an improvement in flying machines of theaeroplane type, being particularly directed to a construction in whichthe various planes are constructed and arranged for accurate and readycontrol by the operator.

The main object of the present invention is the provision of adeflecting plane which is normally adapted to present equal resistingsurfaces on opposite sides of the longitudinal medial line of thestructure, the plane being so mounted as to permit the operator toincrease or decrease the supporting surface of the deflecting planes oneither side of the longitudinal medial line of the structure at will,whereby to accurately control the extent and direction of thedeflection.

The invention in the preferred form of detail will be described in thefollowing specification, reference being had particularly to theaccompanying drawings, in which Figure 1, is a top plan view of myinvention. Fig. 2, is a side elevation. Fig. 3, is a rear view. Fig. 4,is a detail perspective view of the deflecting plane. Fig. 5, is adetail perspective view of a slight modification. Fig. 6 is a detailperspective view of one of the rudders.

My improved flying machine comprises a main frame generally of skeletonform and including a rear section 1, and a forward section 2.

The rear section includes upper side bars 3, connected at their forwardand rear ends by end bars 4, said bars being also connected intermediatetheir lengths by a cross bar 5. The lower section of the rear portion ofthe frame also includes side bars 6, connected at their front and rearends by bars 7, duplicating the upper portion, except that the side bars6, in rear of a cross bar 8, joining their central points are inclinedupwardly as at 9. The upper and lower portions described are connectedand maintained in relative position by uprights 10, whereby the rearportion of the main frame is of hollow box form having approximatelyuniform dimensions throughout.

The portions of the upper and lower sections included between the crossbars 4, and 5, and 7, and 8, and of the full width of each section aredesigned to provide frame structures for what I term upper and lowerfixed planes 1.1, and 12. The planes are preferably of silk or the likesecured on the frame structures, and the space included between theframe bars described may if desired be suitably reinforced by additionalbrace bars, as more clearly illustrated in Fig. 1. These planes form theonly fixed planes of the flying machine, and are designed to act assustaining planes under any and all conditions.

The forward section of the main frame is of gradually decreasing heightfrom its connection with the rear section toward the forward end. Theforward section includes upper side bars 13, of the full length of saidsection which bars at their forward ends are connected by a cross bar14. The side bars 13, extend at a downward incline to the normalhorizontal plane of the main frame, the extent of inclination being suchthat the forward cross bar 14, is on a plane but slightly above theplane of the bottom of the rear section of the plane. The lower sidebars 15, of the forward portion of the main frame project for a portionof their length in approximate alinement with side bars 6, of the rearsection, being then inclined slightly upwardly as at 16, and beingsecured at their forward ends to the cross bar 14.

The lower cross bars of the forward section are at the junction of thecross bars 15, and 16, thereof, connected by uprights 17, with the upperside bars 18, and said uprights 17 are centrally connected by atransversely arranged pivot bar 18.

On the pivot bar is mounted the soaring plane 19, also constructed ofappropriate material preferably covering a suitable frame work. Thesoaring plane as shown in this instance has a length less than the widthof the main plane and a width less than the distance between the pivotbar 18,

and the forward cross bar 14, being there- I 11, is What may be termedthe deflecting plane 20. This plane comprises a frame work including aforward cross bar 21, side bars 22, and rear bars 23, the side barsbeing arranged in parallel relation and the rear bars inclining from theside bars in a rearward direction, meeting at a point on the medial lineas clearly shown in Fig. 1. The frame of the deflecting plane includes alongitudinal brace bar 2%, which extends rearwardly beyond the meetingpoint of the rear bars 23, to provide for the connection for theoperating means as will later appear. The deflecting plane is of alength slightly less than that of the sustaining planes and has itsmaximum width on the longitudinal central line. The deflecting plane ismovably connected with the upper sustaining plane 11, by a pivot link25, which at one end is pivotally connected to the central bar of theupper sustaining plane and at the opposite end is pivotally connected tothe forward end of the central brace bar 24. The deflecting plane isthus movably connected with regard to the upper sustaining plane, and ismoreover so mounted on the upper sustaining plane that when thedeflecting plane is in normal position the main portion of its surfaceincluded within the side bars 22, is superimposed upon the sustainingplane 11, while that portion included between the rear bars 23, extendsrearwardly beyond the rear ends of the sustaining planes.

Steering vanes or rudders 26, are connected to the rear bars of the rearsection of the rear frame. These vanes which comprise suitableapproximately rectangular yielding frames covered by air resistingmaterial are connected at their forward edges by the upper and lowerbars of the rear section of the rear frame, the upper edges of each vanebeing preferably in alinement with the upper portion of the rear frame,while the lower edge of the vane extends below the lower rear bars ofthe section. The upper.

ends of the rudders are connected to and slide on the main frame bymeans of the sliding sleeves 26, while the lower portions of saidrudders are connected to the lower portion of the main frame by means ofuniversal joints 26 By this construction each rudder can rockuniversally at its lower portion, while its upper end slides laterallyin either direction, these movements permitting of a flexing action.

To utilize the rudder vanes as additional supporting surfaces the upperconnection of each bar has asliding movement relative to the main frame,as at 26, Fig. 1, whereby to bodily move the upper portions of the vanesat right angles to the line of flight when desired. The two rudder vanesare connected by av rigid bar 26 A suitable motor 27, of appropriatetype is supported upon the lower sustaining plane and throughappropriate gearing is adapted to drive a propeller 28 operative in therear of the sustaining plane, or more properly speaking beneath theprojecting portion of the deflecting plane.

The rear or free end of the brace bar 24, is in hook form, as at 24:said hook being designed to limit the swing of the deflecting plane, asclearly shown in Fig. 4, of the drawings. The deflecting plane isoperated through the medium of cables 29, and 30, which at a pointintermediate their ends are connected to the respective ends of thecross bar 21, and, passing forward from such connection overappropriately mounted pulleys, are connected at their forward ends to anoperating lever 31. By manipulation of such lever the deflecting planemay be turned in either direction at will.

By means of the cables the deflecting plane may be manipulated toincrease or decrease that portion extending rearwardly beyond the uppersustaining plane on one side of the longitudinal medial line of themachine, thereby varying the normal area of said plane subjected to theatmosphere. By this means the lateral dip or deflection of the flyingmachine can be readily controlled, as in the event of a tipping to oneside, the machine may be readily righted by increasing the exposed areaof a deflecting plane on that side and simultaneously decreasing it onthe other.

The side bars of the soaring plane 19 are extended rearwardly beyond thepivot bar 18, and are connected by cables 32, and 38, leading upwardlyand downwardly and over suitably mounted pulleys toward the rear of themachine, the upper cables being finally connected into a single cable34, and the lower cable similarly connected into a single cable 35.These cables lead to a suitable control element 36, by means of whichthe operator may readily tilt the soaring plane on its pivot into anupward or downward inclination, thereby controlling the plane of travelof the flying machine at will.

The cables 29 and 30 extend rearwardly from the deflecting plane and areterminally connected to the respective steering vanes or rudders as at37, and said rudders are also connected for simultaneous and similarmovement by the tie bar 26 The connection of the deflecting plane andrudders to the same operating cables is important in that the ruddersare thus deflected toward that side of the longitudinal medial line ofthe flying machine on which the least surface of the deflecting plane isexposed beyondthe rear edge of the upper fixed plane.

It is of course to be understood that, if desired, and as contemplatedin this invention, the rudders and deflecting plane may be separatelyoperated by independent cables whereby to separately control these partsas may under some circumstances be preferable.

As an important feature of the present invention it is to be noted thatthe deflecting plane offers no resistance to the forward movement of themachine and is useful in presenting an adjust-able supporting surfaceauxiliary to the fixed planes. The deflecting plane operates at alltimes in the plane of flight and offers no resistance to travels in suchplane.

The machine described has therefore several types of control: thesoaring plane, the deflecting plane, and the rudders. These elements maybe utilized to effect the rise and fall of the machine at the pleasureof the operator. By virtue of the universal connections the swingingmovement of the vanes is not interfered with when said vanes areoperated to slide the upper ends thereof on the sliding bearingsdescribed. The effective operation of the rudder vanes induces a flexingmovement thereby forming an air resisting surface in the direction ofthe line of flight.

In Fig. 5, I have illustrated a modified form of soaring plane. Thisplane comprises a frame composed of side bars 41, connected at theirfront ends by a horizontal bar A, and intermediate strut bars 42,interposed between the respective bars forming the sides. This frame isV-shaped in side elevation and is covered on its top and bottom bysuitable plane material. Two soaring plane surfaces 43, 44, are thusprovided, having a relatively inclined fixed disposition.

The structure as a whole is pivotally mounted on the pivot bar 18 (whenthe modified form is used) and operating cables, control its movement.Neither of the planes 43, 44, are normally parallel with the line offlight, and if the operator desires to rise, the frame is operated toarrange the upper plane 43, substantially parallel with the line offlight, giving a greater than normal inclination to the lower plane 44to the line of flight causing it to form an inclined air resistingsurface, and hence forcing the machine to' rise. A reversal of thisoperation brings the upper plane into play and forces the machinedownward.

While I have described and illustrated the preferred embodiment ofdetails of structure, it is to be understood that I do not limit myselfthereto, and that I consider as within the spirit of the presentinvention all such changes of structure modifications and variations ofdetails as may fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described the invention what I claim as new is 1. In anaeroplane, a main supporting plane, a secondary plane linked thereto andextending across the medial line of the aeroplane, said secondary planebeing substantially as wide as the supporting plane, and means to varythe angle of the secondary plane whereby to increase the projection ofthe secondary plane over one lateral portion of the rear edge of thesupporting plane, said means being further arranged to cause theopposite lateral forward portion of the secondary plane to swingforwardly 2. In an aeroplane, a supporting plane, a secondary planeattached to said supporting plane and extending across the medial linethereof, and means to vary the projection of one lateral portion of therear edge of the secondary plane over a lateral portion of the rear edgeof the supporting planes, said means being further arranged to cause theopposite lateral forward portion of the secondary plane to swingforwardly.

3. In an aeroplane, a main supporting plane, a secondary plane linkedthereto and controlling means for the secondary plane arranged tofurther project one lateral portion of the rear edge of the secondaryplane over a lateral portion of the rear edge of the supporting planeand simultaneously shift the secondary plane about its linkedconnection, said means being further arranged to cause the oppositelateral forward portion of the secondary plane to swing forwardly.

4. A flying machine comprising a supporting plane, a plane centrallypivoted to and swinging over the supporting plane, said pivoted planelying across the medial line of the supporting plane, and means foroperating the pivoted plane to cause same to move angularly in line withthe movement of the machine and thereby vary the projection of onelateral edge of said secondary plane over a lateral edge of thesupporting plane.

5. A flying machine comprising a supporting plane and a swinging plane,the planes being located one over the other and each lying across themedial line of the machine, means for centrally pivoting the swingingplane, and means for operating the swinging plane horizontally to varythe supporting area of the machine simultaneously to the rear and infront of the supporting plane.

6. A flying machine comprising a sup porting plane composed ofhorizontal relatively movable planes, one located over the other, andmeans for operating one of said horizontal planes to vary the respectivesupporting areas of the supporting plane as a whole on opposing sides ofthe longitudinal medial line thereof.

7. A flying machine comprising a supporting plane made up of relativelymovable horizontal planes one located over the other, and means foroperating one of said horizontal planes to move a part thereof to oneside or the other of .the longitudinal median line of the otherhorizontal plane, whereby to vary the area of the supporting plane as awhole on opposing sides of the longitudinal medial line thereof.

8. In a heavier than air flying machine an approximately flat aeroplanecomprising therein two connected horizontal planes one located over theother, the two horizontal planes normally presenting air resistingsurfaces extending equally on each side of the fore and aft axis of themachine, and means for causing a laterally relative movement in parallelplanes between the two horizontal planes, whereby to Vary the area ofthe supporting plane as a whole on opposing sides of the longitudinalmedial line thereof.

9. In a flying machine an approximately flat aeroplane comprisingtherein two connected horizontal planes, the two horizontal planesnormally presenting air resisting surfaces extending equally on eachside of the fore and aft axis of the machine, means for causing arelative movement between the two horizontal planes and thus increasingthe area of the air resisting surface on one side of the fore and aftaxis of the machine, a rudder, means for slidably mounting the rudder atone point, means for universally mounting the rudder at another point,and means for operating the rudder.

10. In a flying machine an approximately flat aeroplane comprising twoconnected horizontal planes, the two horizontal planes normallypresenting air resisting surfaces extending equally on each side of thefore and aft axis of the machine, and means for causing a relativemovement between the two horizontal planes and thus decreasing the areaof the air resisting surface on one side of the fore and aft axis of themachine.

11. A flying machine comprising planes, one located over the other,means for varying the normal supporting area of the planes, a flexiblerudder, means for mounting the rudder to permit it to slide at one pointand to swing at another point, and means for operating the rudder.

12. In a flying machine, the combination with an aeroplane of a flexiblevertical rudder, and means for bodily laterally moving said flexiblerudder near one end and simultaneously dishing the same throughout theentire surface with respect to its normal position.

13. In a flying machine, a main plane, an auxiliary plane, a ruddersupport, a vertical rudder, means for mounting the vertical rudder onthe rudder support including a sliding connection and a pivotalconnection, and connections between the auxiliary plane and the verticalrudder, and means for operating the connections whereby the auxiliaryplane is moved toward one side of the machine to vary its supportingsurface and the rudder is simultaneously bodily moved at one end towardthe opposite side of the machine.

14. In a flying machine, a plane, a rudder support, a vertical rudder,slidable means near one end of the rudder for mounting said rudder onits support, mews spaced from the slidable means for forming a universalsupport for the rudder, and means for operating the rudder to cause sameto slide near one end and simultaneously dish same.

15. In a flying machine, a plane, a rudder support, a vertical rudder,means connecting the rudder to the support including a pivotalconnection and a slide, and means for operating the rudder to slide andtwist one end.

16. In a flying machine, an aeroplane having two horiozntal planes onelocated over the other and connected by a movable link, and means forcausing a relative lateral movement between the two planes.

17 In a flying machine, a normally vertical rudder, means for mountingthe rudder whereby one end may be bodily moved laterally in onedirection and its other end moved in an opposite direction but a lessdistance than the first mentioned end to dish said rudder, and means foroperating the rudder.

18. In a flying machine a normally vertical rudder, controlling meansfor moving the entire upper portion of the rudder lat-. erally, saidmeans imparting diflerent degrees of movement to the two ends of therudder, whereby one of the ends of the rudder becomes a supportingsurface.

19. In a flying machine, a frame therefor, a plane attached to theframe, two normally approximately vertical rudders, slidable connectionsbetween the rudders and the frame, other means for mounting the ruddersto the frame, said latter means being spaced from the slidableconnections, and means for operating the rudders to slide same neartheir ends and to flex same.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES HERBERT OGUMPAUGH.

W'itnesses L. A. VVOEHRLEN, H. B. BRINK.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

